Research of the effect of organic fertilizers on the grain yield of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Nikolai Tsenov, Margarita Nankova, Todor Gubatov
Abstract: Situation and purpose: The application of organic fertilizers in the form of pellets in our country is still almost unknown. Research in this direction in world practice is small, too. It is not clear what their effects are on the yield and quality of production. This is the reason to study the effect of several types of organic fertilizers on wheat, alone and in combination with different levels of mineral nitrogen nutrition. The aim is to determine whether organic fertilizers are competitive with mineral fertilizers in terms of grain yield.
Methods: The influence of organic fertilizers on the grain yield was studied in field experience over a three year period (2017-2019). Seven new varieties of common wheat, developed recently in the company „Agronom“, were studied. Three levels of nitrogen nutrition were included in the field experiment as follows (N3, N10, N18). For comparison, the mineral fertilizer DAP (Diammonium phosphate) was used in a dose providing the same amount of active substances (NPK) of the three organic fertilizers.
Key results: The оrganic fertilizers Sonar (C), Italpollina (D) and Guanito (B) have a stronger positive effect on grain yield than the mineral fertilizer DAP (A). According to the magnitude of their effects, which are determined by direct comparison with it, they could in principle be arranged in descending order, as follows: Sonar (C)> Italpollina (D)> Guanito (B). Their positive effect compared to the control variant was established regardless of the dose of nitrogen nutrition (N). At the lowest levels of nutrition (N3) the application of two of the three organic fertilizers, Sonar (C) and Italpollina (D) provide a significant increase in grain yield of (+8.4%) and (+4.9%), respectively.
Conclusions: The influence of the studied organic fertilizers on grain yield is stronger than that of mineral fertilizer (+ 5-10%), at all studied levels of nitrogen nutrition. When fertilizing with organic fertilizers on rich chernozem soils, the dose of nitrogen fertilization with mineral fertilizers could be optimized without adversely affecting the yield. New generation organic fertilizers are fully competitive with their similar mineral ones for several reasons: i) they increase the grain yield, ii) they can now be easily and precisely dosed (pellets) and iii) they are complex in nature because they have a unique balance between basic (NPK) and secondary macronutrients
(Mg and S).
Methods: The influence of organic fertilizers on the grain yield was studied in field experience over a three year period (2017-2019). Seven new varieties of common wheat, developed recently in the company „Agronom“, were studied. Three levels of nitrogen nutrition were included in the field experiment as follows (N3, N10, N18). For comparison, the mineral fertilizer DAP (Diammonium phosphate) was used in a dose providing the same amount of active substances (NPK) of the three organic fertilizers.
Key results: The оrganic fertilizers Sonar (C), Italpollina (D) and Guanito (B) have a stronger positive effect on grain yield than the mineral fertilizer DAP (A). According to the magnitude of their effects, which are determined by direct comparison with it, they could in principle be arranged in descending order, as follows: Sonar (C)> Italpollina (D)> Guanito (B). Their positive effect compared to the control variant was established regardless of the dose of nitrogen nutrition (N). At the lowest levels of nutrition (N3) the application of two of the three organic fertilizers, Sonar (C) and Italpollina (D) provide a significant increase in grain yield of (+8.4%) and (+4.9%), respectively.
Conclusions: The influence of the studied organic fertilizers on grain yield is stronger than that of mineral fertilizer (+ 5-10%), at all studied levels of nitrogen nutrition. When fertilizing with organic fertilizers on rich chernozem soils, the dose of nitrogen fertilization with mineral fertilizers could be optimized without adversely affecting the yield. New generation organic fertilizers are fully competitive with their similar mineral ones for several reasons: i) they increase the grain yield, ii) they can now be easily and precisely dosed (pellets) and iii) they are complex in nature because they have a unique balance between basic (NPK) and secondary macronutrients
(Mg and S).
Keywords: grain yield; nitrogen nutrition; organic fertilizers; wheat
Date published: 2021-06-24
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