Sustainable agriculture through optimal use of natural resources water, energy, soil and fertilizers when growing Bulgarian garlic variety
Vesela Petrova-Branicheva
, Antoaneta Gigova, Emil Dimitrov
Abstract: Green technologies and sustainable development are closely related concepts that play a key role in the transition to a more environmentally conscious society and economy. Irrigation is a major factor and an effective means of limiting or preventing the stressful impact of drought on agricultural crops and ensuring stable production in climatically different years. During the period, 2023 field experiments were conducted in the experimental station of ISSAP "N. Poushkarov", in Chelopechene, Sofia region. Regarding the air temperature, the year 2023 is characterized as warm with a guarantee of 26%. In terms of rainfall, dry with a guarantee of 62.41% (2023). Investigated variants with different irrigation techniques for optimal and disturbed garlic irrigation regime: V1 - subsoil drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate, V2 - subsoil drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V3 - surface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate; V4 - surface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V5 - non-irrigated variant. The trial betting method is the long lot method with four replicates. To maintain the soil moisture between 80-100% of the FC, 10 main irrigations with an average irrigation rate are needed: V1 – 16.89 mm; V2 – 8.44 mm, V3 – 26 mm; V4 – 13mm.; V5 – 0 mm; which are realized at different intervals depending on the development of culture and weather conditions. The different irrigation regimes affect crop production respectively: V1 -750 kg dka-1; V2 – 580 kg dka-1, V3 – 650 kg dka-1; V4 -435 kg dka-1; V5 -230 kg dka-1. The reduction in the size of the irrigation rates by 50% for surface and underground placement of the irrigation wings leads to a reduction in yield by 34 and 23% and can be applied in water deficit.
Keywords: climate; garlic; irrigation regime; precision agriculture; sustainability
Citation: Petrova-Branicheva, V., Gigova, A., & Dimitrov, E. (2025). Sustainable agriculture through optimal use of natural resources water, energy, soil and fertilizers when growing Bulgarian garlic variety. BulgarianJournal of Crop Science, 62(3) 70-77
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| Date published: 2025-06-26
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