Видов състав на причинителите на кореново и базично гниене по хидропонно отглеждани краставици в България
Иво Янашков, Георги Пренгов, Ценко Въчев
Abstract: Оранжерийните краставици, култивирани в хидропонни системи (каменна вата) са обект на нападение от гъбоподобни и гъбни причинители на кореново и базично гниене. В най-ранни фенофази болестта се развива под формата на „сечене” на разсада, а по-късно като гниене по корените и кореновата шийка, и светлокафяво оцветяване на проводящата система в основата на стъблата. Болните растения загиват най-често по време на плододаването. Резултатите от проведеното изследване показват, че сред най-широко разпространените патогени по хидропонно отглеждани краставици у нас са представители на род Pythium – 82% от фитопатогените, изолирани от симптомни краставични растения, отглеждани хидропонно върху каменна вата. Сред изолатите от този род преобладава група G на Pythium spp., съставляваща 55.0% от общия брой патогенни изолати, получени при обследване на производствени оранжерии в страната. Останалите изолати от род Pythium се отнасят към група F (5.6%), видовете P. Ultimum (13.5%) и P. Aphanidermatum (7.9%). Като причинител на гниене по корените и базите на краставичните растения е установен и видът Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum. Изолатите от този вид съставляват 18.0% от общия брой идентифицирани фитопатогени. Установените видове заразяват растенията самостоятелно или съвместно, като причиняват значителни икономически загуби при производството на оранжерийно отглеждани краставици.
Keywords: оранжерийни краставици; каменна вата; кореново и базично гниене; коренови патогени; безпочвена система
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