Terms of cultivation of varieties of sweet potato as the main and secondary crops

Toshtemir Ostonakulov, Anvar Shamsiev, Ilkhom Amanturdiev, Giyos Tursunov

Abstract: The research is aimed at studying the growth, development, formation of the crop of tops and tubers, indicators of productivity, yield and storability, depending on the timing of planting seedlings of new sweet potato varieties as the main and secondary crops, and on their basis to determine the optimal timing for planting seedlings of sweet potato varieties, both main and secondary. Field experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 under the conditions of irrigated typical gray soils of the Samarkand region. Varieties of sweet potato Khazina (standard), Sochakinur, Tailoki, Filial with planting dates of April 10 (control), April 20, April 30, April 10, 20, and May 30, 2005 in the main culture were comparatively evaluated, and in the secondary culture, the seedling planting dates of June 20, 30, and July 10 were compared (control). The seedling planting scheme for all periods was 90x20x1 cm. Sprouted seed tubers weighing 120-150 g were taken from sweet potato varieties, they were planted in a film nursery at a depth of 4-5 cm, soil moisture was maintained at least 65-70%, after 45-48 days of care, seedlings with 4-5 leaves were grown, ready for planting in the field. It was revealed that when cultivating varieties of sweet potato as the main and secondary crops, depending on the timing of planting, the seedling yield from each seed tuber was 12.8-20.7 pieces, the largest seedling yield (15.4-20.7 pieces) was observed in varieties Sochakinur, Tailoki, Filial. The duration of the growing season for the standard was 132-142, and for new varieties 119-136 days. The vegetation period of the studied varieties in the main culture was extended by 2-7 days compared to planting as a second crop. It has been established that under the conditions of irrigated typical sierozem soils of the Samarkand region, in order to obtain a high yield (50 t/ha and more as the main crop, and 35-40 t/ha in the secondary crop), it is advisable to cultivate sweet potato varieties Sochakinur, Tailoki, Filial, plant seedlings of these varieties in the main culture on April 20-30 and in the secondary culture on June 20-30 according to the scheme 70x25 and 90x20 cm.

Keywords: growing season; main and secondary crops; marketability; planting dates; shelf life; varieties of sweet potato; yield

Date published: 2022-08-16