Ecological and genotypic effects on traits harvest index and absolute seed weight in soybean

Mariana Radkova, Galina Naydenova

Abstract: The effect of the environment and the genotypic potential are the factors on which the realization of each agricultural crop, living system depends. The purpose of our study was to determine how environmental conditions and genetic determinants of production-established in the country medium-early varieties of soybeans,affect the traits harvest index and absolute seed weight. For this purpose, the genetic differences on these traits of the varieties Avigeya, Srebrina, Isidor, Palador, Daniela, Pavlikeni, Mira and Hodson were determined under a three-year field trial. The influence of the genotypic-environmental interactions on the phenotypic variance on the monitored traits was also assessed.The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Soybeаn Station - Pavlikeni, under non-irrigated conditions, by the method of long plots following the standard for the country technology for soybean cultivation. According to the results, in the studied group of varieties a significant genotypic diversity was observed in terms of harvest index and absolute mass of seeds. The differences in genotypic reactions compared to the conditions of the year were larger in terms of the harvest index and should be used in determining genotypes with specific adaptation to drought stress during the late reproductive phases of the crop. The significance of the genotypic effect in terms of absolute seed weight decreaseed significantly under adverse conditions. The varieties Srebrina, Palador and Daniela showed a stable performance according to the observed traits. These genotypes can be used under both optimal and stressful growing conditions. They can also be used as donors of genotypically determined stable expression in the combinative breeding programs of the culture.

Keywords: absolute seed weight; GE; harvest index; soybean

Date published: 2022-04-21