Weed smothering efficiency of mulching types on groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) productivity in the dry savanna region of Nigeria
Emmanuel Abraham Shittu
, Moses Samuel Bassey, Tasiu Tukur Bello
Abstract: In order to increase groundnut productivity, a field experiment was carried out in the dry season of 2020 to assess the effectiveness of various mulching materials at suppressing weeds. The experimental treatments comprised of five mulching types; Control (no mulch), transparent polythene mulch, black polythene mulch, rice straw mulch and saw dust mulch) and three groundnut varieties (SAMNUT 23, SAMNUT 24 and SAMNUT 26). These were factorially combined and laid out in a Randomized complete block design with three replications. Findings revealed that mulching had a significant (p < 0.05) impact on crop qualities including canopy cover, chlorophyll content, pod yield, 100 kernel weight, and groundnut kernel yield as well as weed attributes like weed cover scores, weed density, weed dry weight, and weed control efficiency in both BUK and Wasai, respectively. The weed compositions were further grouped into various families comprising Poaceae (11), Euphorbiaceae (3), Amaranthaceae (4), Asteraceae (3), Cyperaceae (2), Cucurbitaceae, and Aizoaceae, each having one species with a different level of occurrence across the two locations. On the other hand, SAMNUT 26 significantly produced higher pod (2798 & 2119) and kernel yields (1198 & 1191), although SAMNUT 23 produced a heavier 100 kernel weight (55.51 & 54.52) at BUK and Wasai, respectively. In comparison to the other mulching types, applying black polythene mulch or transparent mulch lowered weed density and dry weight by limiting the amount of sunlight that the weeds got, preventing them from growing. Therefore, for dry season production of groundnut in the Sudan savannah ecology of Nigeria, mulching with black or transparent polythene film using the SAMNUT 26 variety was found to be effective in conserving soil moisture for optimum crop growth and development, while on the other hand, weed populations were suppressed.
Keywords: groundnut; mulching; productivity; savanna; weed smothering efficiency
Citation: Shittu, E. A., Bassey, M. S., & Bello, T., T. (2024). Weed smothering efficiency of mulching types on groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) productivity in the dry savanna region of Nigeria. Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science, 61(4), 90-101.
| References: (click to open/close) | Ahmad, S., Raza, M.A.S., Saleem, M.F., Zahra, S.S., Khan, I.H., Ali, M., Shahid, A.M., Iqbal, R., & Zaheer, M.S. (2015). Mulching strategies for weeds control and water conservation in cotton. Journal of Agriculture and Biological Science, 8, 299-306
Ahmad, S., Raza, M. A. S., Saleem, M. F., Zaheer, M. S., Iqbal, R., Haider, I., ... & Khan, I. H. (2020). Significance of partial root zone drying and mulches for water saving and weed suppression in wheat. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 30(1), 154-162.
Akobundu, I. O., Ekeleme, F., Agyakwa, C. W., & Ogazie, C. A. A (2016). Handbook of West African Weeds, Third Edition, Revised and Expanded. Produced by IITA, ISBN: 978-978-8444-70-1.
Arslan, A. McCarthy, N., Lipper, L. Asfaw, S., Cattaneo, A., & Kokwe, M. (2015). Climate smart agriculture? Assessing the adaptation implications in Zambia. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 66(3), 753-780.
Bhattarai, S., Wagle, P., Dahal, B., & Jaggi, K. (2023). Effect of mulch on yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Nepal. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 8(1), 8-13. https://doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2023.080102
Cheng, B., & Matson, E. (2015). A Feature-Based Machine Learning Agent for Automatic Rice and Weed Discrimination. In Proceeding of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19324-3_46
DiTommaso, A., Averill, K. M., Hoffmann, M. P., Fuchsberg, J. R., & Losey, J. E. (2016). Integrating insect, resistance, and floral resource management in weed control decision-making. Weed Science, 64, 743-756. doi: 10.1614/WS-D-16-00052.1
El–Metwally, I., Geries, L., & Saudy, H. (2022). Interactive effect of soil mulching and irrigation regime on yield, irrigation water use efficiency and weeds of trickle–irrigated onion. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 68(8), 1103-1116, https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2020.1869723
FAO. FAO, IFAD & WFP. (2015). Achieving Zero Hunger. The critical role of investment in social protection and agriculture. Rome, FAO.
FAO. (2016a). FAOSTAT [Website] (available at http://faostat.fao. org). Accessed October 2016.
FAO. (2016b). FAO Food Price Index [Website] (available at www. fao.org/worldfoodsituation/ foodpricesindex). Accessed 15 November 2016.
FAO. (2016c). The State of Food and Agriculture 2016. Climate change, agriculture and food security. Rome,
Féret, J. B., Gitelson, A. A., Noble, S. D., & Jacquemoud, S. (2017). PROSPECT-D: Towards modeling leaf optical properties through a complete lifecycle. Remote Sensing of Environment, 193, 204-215.
GFFA (Global Forum for Food and Agriculture). (2015). The growing demand for food, raw materials and energy: Opportunities for agriculture, challenges for food security. GFFA Communiqué, 7th Berlin Agriculture Ministers’ Summit 2015. Berlin, GFFA
GenStat (2015). Release 16.3DE. VSN International, 5, The Waterhouse, Waterhouse Street, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire HP1 1ES, UK.
Gitelson, A. A., Peng, Y., Arkebauer, T. J., & Suyker, A. E. (2015). Productivity absorbed photosynthetically active radiation, and light use efficiency in crops: Implications for remote sensing of crop primary production. Journal of Plant Physiology, 177, 100-109.
Gloeb, E., Irmak, S., Isom, L., Lindquist, J. L., & Wortman, S. E. (2023). Biobased Sprayable Mulch Films Suppressed Annual Weeds in Vegetable Crops. Horticultural Technology, 33(1), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH05112-22
Hamuda, E., Glavin, M., & Jones, E., (2016). A survey of image processing techniques for plant extraction and segmentation in the field. Computer and Electronic in Agriculture, 125, 184–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2016.04.024
Iqbal, R., Habib-ur-Rahman, M., Raza, M.A.S. et al. (2021). Assessing the potential of partial root zone drying and mulching for improving the productivity of cotton under arid climate. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 66223–6624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15259-6
Iqbal, R., Raza, M. A. S., Valipour, M., Saleem, M. F., Zaheer, M. S., Ahmad, S., ... & Nazar, M. A. (2020). Potential agricultural and environmental benefits of mulches—a review. Bulletin of the National Research Centre, 44(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00290-3
Kader, M.A., Singha, A., Begum, M.A., Jewel, A., Khan, F.H., & Khan, N.I. (2019) Mulching as water-saving technique in dry land agriculture. Bulletin of the National Research Centre 43, 1-6.
Kubiak, A., Wolna-Maruwka, A., Niewiadomska, A., & Pilarska, A. A. (2022). The Problem of Weed Infestation of Agricultural Plantations vs. the Assumptions of the European Biodiversity Strategy. Agronomy, 12(8), 1808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081808
Lee, N., & Thierfelder, C. (2017). Weed control under conservation agriculture in dryland smallholder farming systems of southern Africa. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 37, 48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-017-0453-7
Li, H., Wang, E., He, W., Hao, W,.Yan, C., Li, Y et al. (2020). An overview of the use of plastic-film mulching in China to increase crop yield and water-use efficiency. National Science Review, 7 (10), 1523-1526. DOI 10.1093/nsr/nwaa146.
Mani, V. S., Pandita, M. L., Gautam, K. C. & Bagwandas. (1973). Weed killing chemicals in potato cultivation. Indian Farming, 23, 7-13.
Massa, D., Benvenuti, S., Cacini, S., Lazzereschi, S., & Burchi, G. (2019). Effect of hydro-compacting organic mulch on weed control and crop performance in the cultivation of three container-grown ornamental shrubs: Old solutions meet new insights. Scientia Horticulturae, 252(), 260-267. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2019.03.053
McGuire, S. (2015). FAO, IFAD, and WFP. The state of food insecurity in the world 2015: meeting the 2015 international hunger targets: taking stock of uneven progress. Rome: FAO, 2015. Advances in Nutrition, 6(5), 623-624.
Nichols, V., Verhulst, N., Cox, R., & Govaerts, B. (2015). Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review. Field Crop Research, 183, 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.07.012
Rana, S. S. & Rana, M. C. (2018). Principles and Practices of Weed Management. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur. 29-138. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.27494.01603
Ranaivoson, L., Naudin, K., Ripoche, A., Rabeharisoa, L., & Corbeels, M. (2018). Is mulching an efficient way to control weeds? Effects of type and amount of crop residue in rainfed rice based cropping systems in Madagascar. Field Crops Research, 217, 20-31. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2017.11.027.
Rodrigo, M.A., Oturan, N., & Oturan, M. A. (2014). Electrochemically assisted remediation of pesticides in soils and water: A review. Chemical Review, 114, 8720–8745.
Sakthivel, N. (2019). Impact of Black Polythene Mulching in Mulberry Garden on Weed Infestation, Soil Moisture, Plant Growth and Leaf Yield Under Tropical Conditions. International Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 37 (1), 89-95.
Sathyamurthy, V. A., Rajashree, V., Shanmugasundaram, T., & Arumugam, T. (2017). Effect of different mulching on weed intensity, yield and economics in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science, 6 (3), 609-617. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.603.071
Shittu, E. A. (2023). Growth and Performance of Tomato (Solanum lycopercicum Mill.) under Hoe weeding and Butachlor Application. World Scientific News, 180, 94-104.
Shittu, E.A & Bassey, M. S. (2023) Weed persistence, crop resistance and herbicide phytotonic effects in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L] Walp) under various weed control treatments in Kano, Nigeria. World News of Natural Sciences, 48, 60-69.
Shittu, E. A., Bassey, M.S. & Babayola, M. (2023). Physiological Growth Indices and Yield Attributes of Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Varieties as Affected by Weed Control Methods and Season in Northern Guinea Savanna Ecology, Nigeria. International Academy Journal of Agribusiness and Agricultural Science Annals, 6 (2), 29-48.
Storkey, J., & Neve, P. (2018). What good is weed diversity? Weed Research, 58, 239–243. doi: 10.1111/wre.12310.
Sun, S. J., Chen, Z. J., Jiang, H., & Zhang, L. L. (2018). Black film mulching and plant density influencing soil water temperature conditions and maize root growth. Vadose Zone Journal, 17(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.05.0104
Torres-Olivar, V., Ibarra-Jiménez, L., Cárdenas-Flores, A., Lira-Saldivar, R. H., Valenzuela-Soto, J. H., & Castillo-Campohermoso, M. A. (2018). Changes induced by plastic film mulches on soil temperature and their relevance in growth and fruit yield of pickling cucumber. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B—Soil & Plant Science, 68(2), 97-103. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2017.1367836
Vila, M., Beaury, E.M., Blumenthal, D.M., Bradley, B.A., Early, R., Laginhas, B.B., Trillo, A., Dukes, J., Sorte, C., & Ibanez, I. (2021). Understanding the combined impacts of weeds and climate change on crops. Environmental Research Letter, 16, 034043.
Xu, M. M., Zhao, Y. F., Zhang, Y. Q., & Wang, J. D. (2020). Effects of adequate drip irrigation with different mulching treatments on spring maize yield and water use efficiency. Water Saving and Irrigation, 12, 1-7.
Yang, Y. H., Ding, J. L., Zhang, Y. H., Wu, J. C., Zhang, J. M., Pan, X. Y., Gao, C., Wang, Y., & He, F. (2018). Effects of tillage and mulching measures on soil moisture and temperature, photosynthetic characteristics and yield of winter wheat. Agriculture and Water Management, 201, 299-308.
|
|
| Date published: 2024-08-29
Download full text 
