Нахут (Cicer arietinum L.) под стрес: Обзор на влиянието на засушаването и високите температури
Севдалина Нинова, Иванина Василева
Резюме: Засушаването и топлинният стрес са основни абиотични фактори, които ограничават растежа и продуктивността на нахута (Cicer arietinum L.) като неблагоприятно повлияват физиологичните и биохимичните процеси. На базата на трудовете на различни учени се опитахме да обобщим ефектите на водния дефицит и повишените температури, и развиващите се в следствие на тях засушаване и топлинен стрес, върху растежа, добива и механизмите на стресов отговор на нахута. Наблюдаваха се разлики в количеството биомаса и добива на семена в зависимост от това дали изследваните образци са чувствителни или толерантни към стрес. В някои случаи биохимичните анализи разкриха увеличено натрупване на осмопротектанти, като пролин и разтворими захари, което предполага тяхната роля в осмотичната регулация. Беше взета под внимание и ролята на различни съединения с доказана антиоксидантна активност, както и активността на антиоксидантни ензими, включително супероксид дисмутаза, каталаза и пероксидаза. Този преглед има за цел да разкрие многопластовия отговор на нахута на засушаване и топлинен стрес, включващ физиологични, биохимични и молекулярни адаптации. Разбирането на тези механизми е от съществено значение за разработването на толерантни към суша и високи температури сортове нахут, което допринася за устойчивостта на земеделието и продоволствената сигурност в условия на променящ се климат.
Ключови думи: устойчиво земеделие; антиоксиданти; добив; променящ се климат; физиологични и биохимични параметри
Цитиране: Ninova, S., & Vasileva, I. (2025). Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under stress: A review of drought and heat impact. Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science, 62(2) 68-77 (Bg).
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| Дата на публикуване: 2025-04-29
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