Проучване върху разпространението на икономически важните вирусни болести по зърнено-житни култури от 2014 до 2022 в България
Желю Аврамов
Резюме: Производството на зърнено-житни култури през последните години стана по-енергоемко с повишена себестойност, което наложи въвеждането на все по-високодобивни сортове пшеница, а при ечемика освен сортове и хибриди. Климатичните промени също оказаха сериозно влияние през последните години при избора на сортове пшеница и ечемик. Тези изискания и промени наложиха широко застъпване на сортове и хибриди на западната селекция. Наред с това интродуциране, породено най-вече от икономически причини всички предпочитани сортове зърнени култури се оказаха доста податливи на икономически опасни болести като брашнести мани, септориози, бактериози и други. Вирусните заболявания не правят изключение в това отношение, нещо повече дори се забелязва запълване на гостоприемниците, посочени в литературните източници, но рядко срещани в земеделската практика като бромусовата мозайка (BMV) и ечемичената лентова мозайка (BSMV). Настоящото проучване има за цел да установи проявата на всички важни вирусни инфекции през периода от 2014 до 2022, да констатира заболеваемостта на зърнените култури както от споменатите, така и от пшеничената щрихова мозайка (WSMV) и жълто ечемичено вджуджаване (BYDV) и да посочи сортовата чувствителност. Анализирани са 208 броя растителни проби и семена чрез ELISA метод и са констатирани 80 броя вирусни инфекции в 55 броя растителни проби от всички райони на България. Данните от проучването ще допринесат за препоръки към земеделските стопани по райони, отчитайки разпространението и сортовата чувствителност към икономически най-важни вирусни болести по зърнените култури.
Ключови думи: BMV; BSMV; България; BYDV; разпространение; WSMV
Цитиране: Avramov, Zh. (2024). Study on the distribution of economically important viral diseases of cereal crops from 2014 to 2022 in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Journal of Crop Science, 61(6) 3-20 (Bg).
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| Дата на публикуване: 2024-12-19
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