Биологично базиран подход за борба с питийно кореново гниене по оранжерийни краставици, отглеждани в каменна вата
Ценко Въчев, Георги Пренгов, Иво Янашков
Резюме: Изследването проследява ефекта от приложение на консорциум от четири вида Trichoderma, в т.ч. T. asperellum, T. koningii, T. polysporum и Trichoderma gamsii, върху питийно кореново гниене по оранжерийни краставици, отглеждани в каменна вата. Провеждани бяха опити (1) в експериментална хидропонна система, изградена от използвани матраци каменна вата, „естествено” заразени с Pythium spp. и допълнително инокулирани с P. aphanidermatum, P. ultimum и групи G, и F на патогена; и (2) в производствена оранжерия, където краставичните растения (c. Boncanale) бяха отглеждани върху еднократно използван субстрат от същия тип. Многокомпонентният биоагент беше произвеждан върху автоклавирани ечемичени зърна. Формираната спорова маса беше суспендирана във фертигационен разтвор, двукратно филтрирана и довеждана до 5.0-7.5 x 107 спори ml-1. По 150 ml бяха внасяни около корените на растенията 0, 1, 2 или 3 пъти. Третирането беше осъществявано чрез ръчна поливка в експерименталната система, като първото третиране беше осъществявано на седмия ден след сеитбата, а другите две следваха през интервали от 14 дни. Третирането в производствената оранжерия беше провеждано чрез капковата инсталация: първо третиране – непосредствено след разсаждане, а останалите през интервали от 30 дни. Значително редуциране на честотата на срещане на болестта беше отбелязано след двукратно или трикратно третиране: общият брой увехнали и загинали растения беше редуциран съответно с 50% и 73% в експериментално изградената система и с 60% и 40% в производствените опити. Това изследване предлага иновативен подход за биоконтрол, включващ съвместно култивиране на биоагентите, приготвяне на спорова суспензия директно във фертигационния разтвор и приложение до кореновата система на растенията по поливната капковата система.
Ключови думи: биологична борба; оранжерийни краставици; Pythium spp.; безпочвена хидропонна система; Trichoderma spp.
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| Дата на публикуване: 2024-08-29
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