Sustainable agriculture through optimal use of natural resources water, energy, soil and fertilizers when growing Bulgarian garlic variety
Vesela Petrova-Branicheva
, Antoaneta Gigova, Emil Dimitrov
Резюме: Green technologies and sustainable development are closely related concepts that play a key role in the transition to a more environmentally conscious society and economy. Irrigation is a major factor and an effective means of limiting or preventing the stressful impact of drought on agricultural crops and ensuring stable production in climatically different years. During the period, 2023 field experiments were conducted in the experimental station of ISSAP "N. Poushkarov", in Chelopechene, Sofia region. Regarding the air temperature, the year 2023 is characterized as warm with a guarantee of 26%. In terms of rainfall, dry with a guarantee of 62.41% (2023). Investigated variants with different irrigation techniques for optimal and disturbed garlic irrigation regime: V1 - subsoil drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate, V2 - subsoil drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V3 - surface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate; V4 - surface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V5 - non-irrigated variant. The trial betting method is the long lot method with four replicates. To maintain the soil moisture between 80-100% of the FC, 10 main irrigations with an average irrigation rate are needed: V1 – 16.89 mm; V2 – 8.44 mm, V3 – 26 mm; V4 – 13mm.; V5 – 0 mm; which are realized at different intervals depending on the development of culture and weather conditions. The different irrigation regimes affect crop production respectively: V1 -750 kg dka-1; V2 – 580 kg dka-1, V3 – 650 kg dka-1; V4 -435 kg dka-1; V5 -230 kg dka-1. The reduction in the size of the irrigation rates by 50% for surface and underground placement of the irrigation wings leads to a reduction in yield by 34 and 23% and can be applied in water deficit.
Ключови думи: climate; garlic; irrigation regime; precision agriculture; sustainability
Цитиране: Petrova-Branicheva, V., Gigova, A., & Dimitrov, E. (2025). Sustainable agriculture through optimal use of natural resources water, energy, soil and fertilizers when growing Bulgarian garlic variety. BulgarianJournal of Crop Science, 62(3) 70-77
| Литература: (click to open/close) | Astapati, A. D., & Nath, S. (2023). The complex interplay between plant-microbe and virus interactions in sustainable agriculture: Harnessing phytomicrobiomes for enhanced soil health, designer plants, resource use efficiency, and food security. Crop Design, 2(1), 100028.
Bachmann, J. (2001). Organic Garlic Production. National sustainable agriculture information service. Davis, California, USA. (http://attra.ncat.org/attra- Pub/PDF/garlic.pdf)
Brewster, J. L. (1994). Onions and other vegetable Alliums. CAB International, Wallingford, UK. Pp 236.
Bu, R., Ren, T., Lei, M., Liu, B., Li, X., Cong, R., ... & Lu, J. (2020). Tillage and straw-returning practices effect on soil dissolved organic matter, aggregate fraction and bacteria community under rice-rice-rapeseed rotation system. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 287, 106681.
Cheruth, A.J., Gopi, R., Sankar, B., Gomathinayagam, M., & Panneerselvam, R. (2008). Differential responses in water use efficiency in two varieties of Catharanthus roseus under drought stress. Comptes rendus, Biologies, 331(1), 42-47.
Diriba-Shiferaw, G., Nigussie-Dechassa, R., Woldetsadik, K., Tabor, G., & Sharma, J. J. (2014). Bulb quality of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) as influenced by the application of inorganic fertilizers. Afr. J. Agric. Res., 9(8), 778-790. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJAR2013.7723
Diriba-Shiferaw, G., Nigussie-Dechassa, R., Woldetsadik, K., Tabor, G., & Sharma, J. J. (2015). Effect of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Sulphur Fertilizers on Growth, Yield, and Economic Returns of Garlic (Allium sativum L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research. 4(2), 10-22.
Cabrera-Pérez, C., Llorens, J., Escola, A., Royo-Esnal, A., & Recasens, J. (2023). Organic mulches as an alternative for under-vine weed management in Mediterranean irrigated vineyards: Impact on agronomic performance. European Journal of Agronomy, 145, 126798.
Jaleel, C.A., Manivannan, P., Sankar, B., Kishorekumar, A., Gopi, R., Somasundaram, R., & Panneerselvam, R. (2007). Water deficit stress mitigation by calcium chloride in Catharanthus roseus; effects on oxidative stress, proline metabolism and indole alkaloidaccumulation. Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces, 60, 110–116.
Tisdale, S. L., & Nelson, W. L. (1985). Soil fertility and fertilizers, 3rd Ed. Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., New York and Collico-Macmillan Publishers, London.
Tisdale, S. L., Nelson, W. L., Beaton, J. D., & Halvin, J. L. (1993). Soil Fertility and Fertilizers (5th Ed), Macmillan Publishing Company, New York.
Hamma, I. L., Ibrahim, U., & Mohammed, A. B. (2013). Growth, yield and economic performance of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as influenced by farmyard manure and spacing in Zaria, Nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Economics and Development, 2(1), 001-005.
Hashimi, R., Huang, Q., Dewi, R. K., Nishiwaki, J., & Komatsuzaki, M. (2023). No-tillage and rye cover crop systems improve soil water retention by increasing soil organic carbon in Andosols under humid subtropical climate. Soil and Tillage Research, 234, 105861.
Hassan, A. H. (2015). Improving Growth and Productivity of two Garlic Cultivars (Allium sativum L.) Grown under Sandy Soil Conditions. Middle East Journal of Agriculture Research. 4(2), 332-346.
Lal, R. (2016). Soil health and carbon management. Food and energy security, 5(4), 212-222.
Liu, Y., Chen, S., Yu, Q., Cai, Z., Zhou, Q., Bellingrath-Kimura, S. D., & Wu, W. (2023). Improving digital mapping of soil organic matter in cropland by incorporating crop rotation. Geoderma, 438, 116620.
Rice, R. P., Rice, L. W., & Tindall, H. D. (1990). Fruit and vegetable production in warm climates. Macmillan Education Ltd. Hong Kong. Pp 486.
Six, J., Calleja-Cabrera, H.S., Helmisaari, D.S., Powlson, A., Russell, E., & Kumar, S. (2022). The role of soil organic matter in sustaining soil structure. Soil Discussions (2022), pp. 1-29.
|
|
| Дата на публикуване: 2025-06-26
Свали пълен текст 
